On July 28, a Facebook user known for systematically spreading disinformation, Irakli Zakareishvili Stand-by FB, published a video of injured people, claiming that Ukrainians are faking victims. The footage shows a man and a woman, both with bandaged heads and bloodstained clothing. In the video, a woman’s voice is heard saying, “Andrey Andreevich, take a...

On July 7, a Facebook user known for frequently spreading false information, Irakli Zakareishvili, posted a video claiming that during an official session in Bolivia, the parliament podium collapsed and a “tragedy occurred.” A black-and-white version of the same video, with the description that a wall collapsed in the Spanish parliament, was shared by a...

On June 8, 2025, a Facebook account known for systematically spreading disinformation, Nina Marji, published a screenshot of an election banner from the Union of Citizens of Georgia, claiming that the banner features an LGBTQ+ flag. In the post description, the author writes:  “The party ‘Union of Citizens’ was founded in 1993. And yet, agreements...

Between March 19 and 22, Facebook users (1;2;3;4;5), including accounts that systematically spread disinformation such as Fant Ina and Irakli Zakareishvili, shared information about the files related to the 35th President of the United States, John F. Kennedy. The authors largely circulated an identical text, claiming the following regarding Kennedy’s assassination: In 1994, Kennedy’s son...

Between March 6 and 9, Russian (pravda.ru, mk.ru, vz.ru, tsargrad.tv) and Belarusian propaganda media, as well as Russian– and Georgian-language Facebook accounts, disseminated information stating that an offshore company associated with Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Maltex Multicapital Corp., purchased the French investment bank Milleis Banques. The sources refer to French media, which reports that the Ukrainian president bought...

On February 26, a frequent disseminator of disinformation, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili, posted on Facebook, claiming that the new FBI Director Kash Patel is revealing the reason behind the assassination of Japan’s former Prime Minister. Specifically, an uploaded photo shows a post from an X account, “Kash Patel News,” stating that the Japanese Prime Minister was...

On February 22, a Facebook user known for frequently spreading false information, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili, published a post claiming that, during a conversation between Emmanuel Macron and Vladimir Putin before Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Macron stated that the Minsk Agreement had no legal force. The post includes a video showing a conversation between Macron...

On February 16, a frequent spreader of false information, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili, published a Facebook post claiming that an audit conducted by Elon Musk had discovered counterfeit gold bars in the Fort Knox depository. The post included an image of a gold bar allegedly counterfeited using tungsten. Elon Musk has not conducted an audit of...

On February 10, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili, who frequently spreads false information, published a Russian-language video claiming that a woman’s body absorbs, stores, and transfers the “genetic information” of her first sexual partner to her future child, even if the father is someone else. The same video was circulated on Instagram in January. The claim that...

Mzia Amaghlobeli, co-founder of an independent online media outlet Batumelebi, has become a target of discreditation by representatives of the Georgian Dream, pro-government media, and other actors. She was arrested on January 11 and charged with assaulting a police officer for slapping the head of the Batumi police, Irakli Dgebuadze. The charge carries a prison...

On February 4, Facebook accounts (1, 2) shared information claiming that official sources confirmed USAID was funding the cultivation of opium poppies and the production of heroin in Afghanistan. Specifically, according to Soso Manjavidze, a host on “Eri Media,” the U.S. agency financed irrigation systems necessary for growing opium. Additionally, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili alleged that...

On January 20, Facebook users Irakli Zakareishvili Backup FB and Davit Jebashvili posted a photo depicting women dressed in costumes shaped like vaginas. The women are holding a banner reading, “We demand new elections. Freedom for UNM prisoners.” The photo creates the impression that it was taken at an ongoing protest in Georgia. The photo...

On January 20, on its Facebook page “POSTV – Politics,” the pro-government media outlet POSTV published a video of Georgia’s fifth president, Salome Zourabichvili, attending Donald Trump’s inauguration. According to the post, Salome Zourabichvili watched Trump’s swearing-in ceremony on television. However, the accompanying video shows Zourabichvili watching Trump’s swearing-in ceremony on a screen placed in...

On January 17-19, accounts that frequently spread disinformation, Fantina Fantina and Irakli Zakareishvili Spare FB, shared a photo collage showing Giorgi Gakharia, the leader of the For Georgia party, crying. An identical photo collage was posted on January 18 on blogger David Nemsadze’s Facebook page, David Nemsadze officiall. In David Nemsadze’s post, it says: “This...

On October 30, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili released an audio recording that, according to him, captures a conversation between Katya Andrusz, a spokesperson for OSCE/ODIHR, and Giorgi Taktakishvili, co-founder of “Vote for Europe”. The post claims that, in the audio recording, Giorgi Taktakishvili, head of “Kant Academy” and the “Choose Europe” movement, threatens spokesperson for OSCE/ODIHR...

In early October, a Georgian-speaking Facebook account published a video allegedly showing Jewish people walking with baggage at a location resembling a train station, accompanied by a caption suggesting that they were moving to Ukraine to “build a new Israel” there. The video circulating online is being disseminated with a false caption to claim that...

Between October 1-2, several Georgian (1,2) and Russian-speaking accounts (1, 2, 3, 4.), shared a video of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. In the footage, the Israeli prime minister is seen running into a building in an unspecified direction. The authors of the posts claimed that the video was taken on October 1 and shows...

On August 21, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili, a Facebook user who regularly spreads disinformation, posted a photo on his personal account in which he claims that Zaza Shonia, who is fighting on the side of Ukraine, is wearing a Nazi insignia. The claim that the fighter depicted in the photo is wearing a Nazi insignia on...

On August 13, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili, a Facebook user who often spreads false news, posted a photo and claimed that American fighters were involved in the seizure of territories in the Kursk region. The photo shows a dead Russian soldier and two fighters who have the US national flag emblem on their equipment. The claim...

On August 9, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili, and member of the Georgian Mission movement Ramaz Gagnidze posted images of incumbent US Vice-President and presidential candidate Kamala Harris. According to Zakareishvili, the images are early photos of Harris, while Gagnidze claims that the US presidential candidate is distinguished for “her LGBT talent and qualities.”  The images, which...

On August 12-13, false information was circulated on Facebook by a frequent spreader of disinformation, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili, and Russian-language accounts (1;2), claiming that the team of U.S. presidential candidate Kamala Harris and the media used Photoshop to alter photos in order to make it appear as though more supporters attended an election event in...

On July 5, Facebook user and lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili, who is known for systematically spreading disinformation, posted a video on his account, claiming it shows evidence of fraud in the 2020 US elections. The user asserts that an evacuation was declared in an election precinct building due to a water leak, after which prepared ballots...

On July 29, a Georgian-language Facebook user known for frequently spreading false information, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili, published a photo claiming to depict France’s First Lady, Brigitte Macron, in her youth. The photo shows Macron topless. In the comments, Zakareishvili denies that the photo is digitally altered and claims that Macron is transgender. The same photo,...

On July 28th, pro-Kremlin media outlet Alt-Info, along with pro-government media outlets Imedi, POSTV, Publicist.ge (1;2;3), Resonance, For.ge (1;2), Spnews (1;2;3), and Newshub (1;2;3), published information claiming that the organizers of the Paris Olympics apologized for imitating the “Last Supper.” These articles were actively disseminated in Facebook groups (1;2) and by individual Facebook accounts (1;2;3;4;5;6). ...

On July 20-21, Georgian and Russian-speaking Facebook accounts (1, 2), and Russian state media (1, 2) published a video showing a policeman applying red paint to a person dressed in a doctor’s uniform. The circulated visual material is linked to the bombing of a children’s hospital in Ukraine, with claims that the footage of the...

On July 15, Lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili, along with other Georgian and Russian-speaking Facebook users (1, 2, 3, 4), published a photo claiming to quote words from a U.S. Secret Service sniper. According to the quote, Jonathan Willis is a Secret Service sniper who was on the roof during the attack on former U.S. President Donald...

On January 29-30, a video (1,2) allegedly depicting the conflict between the Texas state authorities and the US central federal government was disseminated on social media. According to the “Georgia First” portal, the video shows military equipment being brought into combat readiness and their movement in the state of Texas. A video with a similar...

On January 17, Facebook users (1, 2, 3), including lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili, shared a video claiming to be taken at the World Economic Forum in Davos. The speaker in the video addresses the founder of the World Economic Forum Klaus Schwab, who is sitting nearby, with insulting words, after which Schwab leaves the panel. One...

On January 11, 2023, a Georgian-language Facebook user published a video allegedly depicting a staging of the sacrifice of a “goy child” in a synagogue. The video shows that an Orthodox Jewish man is allegedly participating in the ritual of hanging a doll, while those gathered in the hall are celebrating. The video is being...

On January 9-10, 2024, a Georgian-speaking Facebook user disseminated the claim (1;2) that the police discovered a secret tunnel in the New York synagogue, from which bloody mattresses and baby hammockს were retrieved. The author of the posts suggests that the purpose of the tunnels was to traffic minors, abuse them and conduct “Talmudic-Satanic sacrifices...

On January 5-6, 2024, Georgian (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.) and Russian-language Facebook accounts (1, 2, 3.) published posts on Facebook accusing various celebrities of pedophilia and linking them with Jeffrey Epstein, who was accused for child trafficking. One of the posts published by the user shows a photo collage, where in one...

On December 7, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili published several Facebook posts (1;2;3), claiming that Israeli soldiers broke into a school located in Beit Lahia, Gaza Strip, where thousands of refugees were hiding. According to Zakareishvili, the Jews stripped all people over 15 years of age and executed them in front of women and children. Zakareishvili further...

On November 30, a Georgian-language Facebook user published a photo with a $10,000 bill. In the close-up photo, the upper left corner of the bill can be seen, showing the inscription “Hail Satan.”. In the description, the author of the post points out that this type of bill was being printed in the US and...

On November 26 and 30, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili published two videos on Facebook (1, 2), claiming that Jewish soldiers arrested a 2-year-old child. In the videos, which depict the same event, a few seconds apart, two Israeli soldiers are seen restraining a young child. Later, a man enters the shot, trying to take the child...

On November 29, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili published a photo showing a woman kissing a man wearing a military uniform. According to the author of the post, this woman is a freed Jew who kisses a Hamas soldier on the forehead in farewell. The photo is accompanied by a caption in Arabic: “One picture is worth...

On November 26, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili published a video of a Palestinian prisoner. According to the author, Jews inflicted severe injuries on the woman depicted in the video. “The Jews disfigured her and cut her fingers” – states the description of the video. The video is being disseminated with the wrong description. The video depicts...

On October 19, 2023, Georgian lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili published a photo, which allegedly shows the room of a child who was killed in bed by Israel. “This is not the result of the bombing – the Uriahs shot the sleeping children in their beds!” – wrote the author of the post. The user disseminates a...

On November 4, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili published a video, which allegedly shows the killing of Israeli citizens by Jewish soldiers. “There are Jewish soldiers both inside and outside! At the end of the video, you will see the people inside killed!” – we read in the description of the video. The video is being disseminated...

On November 2, 2023, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili published a video on Facebook, which allegedly shows the reactions of members of the Israeli parliament after reading a report on the loss of manpower and equipment resulting from the confrontations in Gaza. A video with a similar description was also shared on Twitter. The video is being...

On October 25, 2023, Georgian-language Facebook users (1, 2) disseminated posts claiming that Israel targeted and bombarded thirsty children gathered near a water tank in the Gaza Strip. According to one of the users, Israel turned on the water supply to Gaza’s water for a couple of hours precisely to achieve similar goals. The posts...

On October 24, 2023, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili published a post on Facebook, claiming that an anti-Zionist Jew in Jerusalem made a statement against the bloodshed, which is why he was beaten by the Israeli police and other Jews. The post is accompanied by a video showing an alleged physical confrontation between police and Jews. The...

On October 21, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili published a photo allegedly depicting Benjamin Netanyahu’s son, Yair Netanyahu. According to the author, the photo was taken at a pool in Miami during the Israel-Hamas War of 2023. Also, a photo of Netanyahu and his other son, Avner Netanyahu, has been circulating on social media (1;2) with the...

On October 19, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili published a photo of dead children wrapped in white fabric. At least seven children can be seen in the photo. According to the description of the post, this incident happened an hour ago. Although other details are not specified, the post creates the impression that the photo is related...

On October 18, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili published a post, claiming that Jews attacked, desecrated, burned, and blew up the tomb of the Holy Apostle Jacob. The post is accompanied by a video showing the damage to the building. The claim that the Jews desecrated the grave shown in the video is false. In fact, there...

On October 15, 2023, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili published a post on Facebook, claiming that a law has been passed in Israel, according to which the government has the right to seize the lands of the Jerusalem Patriarchate and Christian communities and impose taxes. According to the post, for the first time in 100 years, Christians...

In October 13, 2023, Georgian-language Facebook users (1, 2, 3) reported about the Palestinian girl pulled from the ruins of Gaza and shared a corresponding video. According to the first post, a baby was pulled from one of the ruins of Gaza bombed by the Jews, hugging its dead mother, while the second and third...

On October 11, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili published a video in which it sounds as if the CNN reporter involved in the bombing is being dictated how to behave – what to say, how to look as if he is scared, how to breathe, etc. “Look around as if you are in danger, try to look...

On October 10, 2023, Georgian-language Facebook pages (1, 2) published a quote from the Minister of Defense of Israel, Yoav Gallant: “We abolished all the rules of war; our soldiers are not responsible for anything. There will be no military courts.” The same quote was disseminated by the Georgian language Facebook users (1, 2, 3,...

On September 9-10,2023, Georgian– and Russian-language Facebook accounts published a video depicting the movement of military vehicles with the flag of Azerbaijan. According to the posts, the vehicles are headed in the direction of Armenia, and it is noteworthy that they feature the letter “Z.” One of the Russian-language Facebook accounts specifies that this video...

3.08.23 Update: A post by the Facebook page “I Ucnobi” was added to the article. The post was deleted after labellig it as false. On August 1-2, 2023, Facebook users (1,2,3,4,5)  including Dimitri Samkharadze, an MP from the ruling Georgian Dream party, as well as the Facebook page of the “Conservative Movement in Rustavi,” shared...

On July 27 and 28, 2023, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili and anonymous Facebook account Ragnar Lotbneli published a photo of Giuli Asalania wearing a pink Alasania dress with the number 69 and human figures depicting the sex pose of the same name. The photo was also distributed in the group Suren Saakian. The photo disseminated on...

On June 4, 2023, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili and the anonymous pro-government Facebook page “Terenti Gldaneli” published a video in which the former Minister of Internal Affairs of Abkhazia, Davit Gulua, allegedly claimed that the military supply against Georgia during the Abkhazian war was coming from the Crimean port, while the Ukrainians did not prevent the...

On April 4, 2023, Georgian-language user “Irakli Zakareishvili” wrote on Facebook that a draft law is being considered in Germany, which, if approved, would entail replacing the word “mother” with “parent/person giving birth.” On April 5, Facebook user Ermile Nemsadze published a post, according to which state channels in Germany banned the term “mother,” replacing...

On March 17, 2023, the International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant for Russian President Vladimir Putin. Soon after, Kremlin actors linked the warrant to the release of Imran Ahmad Khan, the brother of Karim Khan, an International Criminal Court prosecutor. Imran Ahmad Khan was serving a sentence for sexually harassing a teenager. On March...

On February 27th, 2023, Georgian (1,2), as well as Russian-language Facebook accounts (1, 2, 3), published a screenshot of a tweet posted on the official Twitter account of the US Consulate in Milan. The tweet, in which the flag of Nazi Germany can be seen behind the flag of Ukraine, is accompanied by the following...

On January 29th, 2023, Georgian lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili, published a photo allegedly depicting an icon of Stepan Bandera. Zakareishvili writes that Bandera’s icon is “planned to be sent to the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra.” The coat of arms of Ukraine is placed in the center of the icon, and the coats of arms of the Azov...

On November 21st, Georgian-language Facebook accounts (1,2,3) (including the ones affiliated with the pro-Kremlin Conservative movement) shared a photo collage showing two women. One of them is wearing a military uniform, while the other is covered with blood. According to the posts, the photos show how Ukrainians fabricate Russian crime scenes for the Western media....

Following the November 8 midterm elections, social media saw a surge in various claims aimed at questioning the legitimacy of both the 2022 midterm and 2020 presidential elections in the US. On November 10, Facebook users disseminated a photo of an infographic showing the results of the Pennsylvania governor election, which displayed the data incorrectly....

On October 29th, Georgian-language Facebook users published a video of a demonstration held in the Czech Republic. According to the attached description, the video depicts a pro-Russian rally held in Prague attended by half a million people. The video of the rally held in the Czech Republic is being circulated with a partly false description....

On October 17-18th, Georgian (1, 2) and Russian-language Facebook accounts published a video showing a man dressed in a Ukrainian military uniform. In one shot, the video shows the man moving in the forest and then kneeling and hitting his head with his hands, being filmed with a video camera. From the descriptions of the...

On October 10th, Georgian-langiage Facebook users “Irakli Zakareishvili” and “Nika Koberidze” published photos of an underwater device, claiming that NATO blew up all three underwater highways of the North Stream with the device shown in the photos. It was further argued that Russian intelligence discovered that the United States had mined an underwater gas pipeline...

On October 10th, 2022, Russia launched a missile attack on the cities of Ukraine, including the capital Kyiv. Shortly after, the Russian-language propaganda outlet Pravda, citing the former Ukrainian Rada MP Illia Kyva, wrote that Zelenskyy left Kyiv on October 10th and was headed for the Polish border. Kyva reported Zelensky’s alleged escape on its...

On September 15th, 2022, Georgian and Russian-speaking Facebook users (1 2, 3, 4, 5) published a video showing a church in which beds, household items, boxes and garbage. The posts claim that “Ukrainian Nazis” turned the church of Izium into a warehouse. The video of the church is circulating with a false description. In fact,...

On September 8-9th, Georgian and Russian-language Facebook accounts (1,2,3,4,5,6) have been disseminating the information that the Ukrainian Ambassador to Kazakhstan, Petro Vrublevsky, left the country at the request of the Kazakh authorities. Lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili additionally asserted that the ambassador was given only a few hours to leave the country, and he flew to Poland....

On September 5-6, Tbilisi hosted the sixth annual International Conference – “Glory to Ukraine!” The organizers and hosts of the event were the McCain Institute, George Bush Institute and the Economic Policy Research Center. The theme of this year’s conference was Ukraine, as the participants held discussions on the present and future of Ukraine and...

On June 9th, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili published a post on Facebook, claiming that US President Joe Biden had deceived Europe and forced it to give up Russian oil, while the United States itself is buying twice as much oil from Russia as prior to the emergence of Russia-Ukraine conflict. The claim that the US has...

On June 7th, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili published a post on his Facebook page, stating that the restoration of the Georgian independence in 1991 was carried out on the basis of the Independence Act of May 26th, 1918, the sixth paragraph of which states that Georgia is a neutral state, hence, integration into international military blocs,...

From March 24th onwards, the Russian-language media and the Georgian Facebook accounts have been actively spreading information about Hunter Biden’s alleged involvement in the production of biological weapons in Ukraine. Russian-language outlets base the claims mainly on two sources: the March 24th briefing by Igor Kirilov, the commander of the Russian Army’s Atomic, Biological and...

On March 15th, the Facebook user “Irakli Vladimeris-dze Zakareishvili” published a post claiming that USAID-funded agitation materials intended to incite nationalism and hatred against Russians were found in Kherson. Attached to the post is a photo of a Ukrainian-language document with the USAID logo and a street sign titled “Stepan Bandera Str.” Citing the telegram...

On March 9th, Facebook user Irakli Zakareishvili published a post based on the press service of the Russian Chemical and Radiological Defense Forces, claiming that one of the species of “Marmorated Stink Bug” – Halyomorpha Halys, which has had a devastating impact on the ecosystem and the economy, was created in Lugar Lab of Tbilisi....

On February 15, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili published a video that allegedly reflects the attitude of the Ukrainian people towards the West and Russia. According to the post’s author, ordinary Ukrainians believe Russia is not the cause for all the troubles, but the “globalist-liberal West.” Zakareishvili’s post creates the impression that ordinary Ukrainians see the main...

On December 22, 2021, the Facebook page “Akhalgazrduli” published a post with the title: “Who rules the world?” According to the post, the first lady of France, Brigitte Macron, has changed her sex, and her real name is Jean-Michel Tronier. The post is accompanied by a photo of Brigitte Macron, who allegedly proves that the First Lady...

On November 16th, 2021, lawyer Irakli Zakareishvili published a post claiming that the U.S. and EU embassies never made any statements regarding the events of November 7th and May 26th. The claim of Irakli Zakareishvili’s that the U.S. and EU embassies never commented on the events of November 7th and May 26th is not false. The then-U.S. ambassador, senior officials...

On July 27th, Chinese state media New China TV published a video on YouTube, which showcases American laboratories seen from the satellite. The video claims that the US owns biochemical laboratories in 25 countries, which conduct dangerous experiments and may even become the source of global pandemics. (Ambien) The mentioned video, along with the comment...

Before police detained Nika Melia, leader of the opposition United National Movement (UNM) party, during a special operation at the party headquarters, international partners called on the Georgian government to de-escalate tensions and avoid deepening polarization caused by the political impasse following the 2020 parliamentary elections. They also called on the opposition to end their...

On November 14, web-pages Tvalsazrisi.ge and publishers.ge, as well as Facebook users Maia Dvalidze and Irakli Zakareishvili disseminated information about U.S. election. According to their claims, the U.S army raided the office of Spanish software development company Scytl located in Frankfurt, and as a result, the Trump administration seized the server of electronic election system using which 2020 election was rigged. Published...

New details uncovered in the case of late Tamar Bachaliashvili and the mistrust declared by her family towards investigation prompted pro-government actors to discredit Tamar Bachaliashvili’s father, Jumber Bachaliashvili. After an intensive five-day search for 23-year-old Tamar Bachaliashvili, police found her body in her own car in a forest near Tetritskaro on July 22. The...

Abkhazian government members and former national guard representatives disseminate conspiracy theory about Dulles Doctrine in Georgian media. On December 13, 2018, a member of the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia, Akaki Gasviani, presented Dulles Doctrine conspiracy as a real fact, while it was mainly covered by tabloid publications in the Georgian media....